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Objective To quantitatively explore the influence of knife sharpness on forearm wounds in knife slash cases. Methods The finite element models of the upper limb and knives with 3 degrees of sharpness (with sharp blade, blunt blade, wide blade) were developed based on human CT images and prototype of slash knife. The slash by 3 kinds of knives on the forearm at velocity of 4 m/s and duration of 10 ms was simulated, so as to analyze changes in contact forces, wound dimensions and energy. Results During the slash by knives with sharp, blunt, wide blade, the blades reached the ulna at about 65, 85, 95 ms, respectively. The corresponding slash forces were 846, 1 064 and 1 865 N; the wound lengths were 135.64, 105.47 and 99.23 mm; the wound depths were 38.77, 27.81 and 18.74 mm. With the sharpness of blade decreasing, the wound formation was slowed, the length and depth decreased and the slash force increased. The model system for slash knife with sharp blade had obviously greater total energy and inner energy, but smaller kinetic energy, compared with slash knife with blunt blade and wide blade. Conclusions The method for quantitatively assessing wound formation in knife slash upon the forearm was developed. The research findings deepen the understanding of biomechanical mechanism of wound formation by knife slash, and provide new scientific means for forensic investigation and court trial of knife slash cases.
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Objective To compare the therapeutic effects between cervical and extra-cervical surgical approaches for endoscopic thyroidectomy . Methods From October 2012 to December 2013, forty-four thyroid goiter patients were divided into two groups randomly .Group A underwent modified Miccoli endoscopic thyroidectomy ( n =20 ) and group B underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach ( n=24 ) .The operative time , intraoperative blood loss , pain in 24 hours postoperatively , drainage volume , postoperative hospital stay , hospital cost , complication and cosmetic results between the two groups were compared . Results Compared with group B, group A had shorter operative time [(77.9 ±28.3) min vs.(97.9 ±30.0) min, t=-2.259, P=0.029], less intraoperative blood loss [(15.9 ±8.7) ml vs.(29.5 ±16.1) ml, t=-3.384, P=0.002], less pain in 24 hours postoperatively ( no pain, endurable pain , intolerable pain in group A and B were 15, 5, 0 and 7, 15, 2 cases respectively , Z=-3.066, P=0.002), less postoperative drainage volume [(31.7 ±10.3) ml vs.(57.0 ±14.6) ml, t=-6.511, P=0.000], but poorer cosmetic results (very dissatisfied, not satisfied, satisfied, comparatively satisfied, and very satisfied in group A and B were 1, 4, 5, 6, 4 and 0, 1, 4, 5, 14 cases respectively, Z=-2.723, P=0.006).There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay and hospital cost between the two groups (P>0.05).One case suffered transient hoarseness in group A and one case had trembling hand due to low calcium level in group B and both of them recovered 1 month after symptomatic treatment .No permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury , parathyroid injury or other complications occurred in both groups . Conclusions Cervical approach is minimally invasive and leads to good cosmetic results while extra-cervical approach causes bigger trauma but leads to better cosmetic results.Patients with high cosmetic reguest may choose endoscopic thyroidectomy via breast areola approach .
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Objective To investigate the formation and special cell biological behavior of osteoclasts.Methods The live-cell imaging technology was adopted to consecutively and dynamically observe the whole process of multinuclear osteoclast formation induced by RANKL and M-CSF from rat peripheral blood monocyte.Meanwhile,the inverted phase contrast microscopy,TRAP staining,and scanning electron microscopy were also applied to identify the osteoclast.Results After 2-week cultivation,a great number of apocytes were found by the inverted phase contrast microscopy,and most apocytes and monocytes had positive reaction after TRAP staining.Moreover,many bone resorption lacunae in which osteoclasts were perhrming bone resorption function could be found in the bone slice under the scanning electron microscope.Live-cell imaging observation showed that the multinuclear osteoclasts were generated through self-fusion of monocytes,fusion of monocytes and apocytes,as well as fusion between apocytes.All fusion processes occurred under the condition of cell adherence.Time-lapse Microcinematography observation showed diverse shapes of osteoclasts and the cell division of multinuclear osteoclasts.Conclusion Rat peripheral blood monocyte can develop into osteoclast under induction of RANKL and M-CSF.Osteoclast can form gigantic apocyte via various types of cell fusion to increase its nucleus number and cell volume,vary its shape,and increase the area of plasma membrane.On the other hand,osteoclast can decrease its cell volume and nucleus number via cell division to adapt the needs of local morphology,biomechanics and bone resorption dynamics.It suggests that this non-mitosis cell division is a special cell biological behavior of osteoclast,which may be the basis of exerting its function and improving bone resorption efficiency.
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Objective To identify significantly differentially expression of rat by genes chip,try to find out the initiating factors and molecular mechanisms that oxidative stress originate or strengthen the steriod-induced necrosis of femoral head(SINFH).Methods Twenty Wistar rats were dived into experimental group and control group randomly.The rats were injected intraperitoneally whith endotoxin,and then injected intramuscularly with high-dose methylprednisolone or saline in experimental group and control group respectively.The mRNA was extracted from the femoral head of rats inevery group,and the cDNA probes were obtained by inverse transcript,and then carried out microarray detection.The quantitative RT-PCR was used to confirm the results of the microarray.Results Histopathological findings revealed that the experimental group rats had femoral head necrosis,trabecular bone disorders,thinning,bone cell necrosis,and the rate of empty lacunae increased,and in control group no femoral head osteonecrosis was found.Total of 27 differentially expressed genes were found,and of which 4 genes(COX6A2,COX4I2,SOD3,and DUSP1)were significantly different.The expression of these 4 genes were down-regulated.The functions of these four genes involved in inhibition of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation,accelerated removal of ROS and protection tissue from oxidative damage and so on.Conclusion The expression of oxidative stress-related genes in SINFH of rats exist change.COX6A2,COX4I2,SOD3,and DUSP1 are key genes in process of oxidative stress originate or strengthen the SINFH.
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[Objective] To investigate the difference of bone Absorption function of the rat osteoclast(OC) in different cultural methods, and the difference in the levels of mRNA expression of bone Absorption key gene, ATPase a3 gene, and provide the basis for further investigation on the OC in vitro. [Methods] with mechanical separation method, mature osteoclast was separated from inner wall of 24 hours newborn rat long bones medullary cavity; and induction culture methods, bone marrow cell was induced to osteoclast like cell(OLC) by using 1,25(OH)2D3.The morphological and functional change of osteoclast was observed and the difference in the level of ATPase a3 mRNA expression was determined.[ Result]OC and OLC are multinucleated giant cells, which can be stained positive by potartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP), and can form bone Absorption lacuna. The number of OLC in induction method is more than in mechanical separation method, but bone Absorption lacuna is smaller and shallower than the early stage of induction. The late stage of OCL is extremely similar to OC. There is no significant difference of ATPase a3 mRNA expression from the cells between mechanical separation 8 hour and induction culture 6 days, but either of them is significantly less than inducing 8 days. [Conclusion]Induction method can produce a large number of OLC which is superior to mechanical separation method, but its bone resorption function is weaker in the earlier stage, because bone resorption function is associated with the number of nucleus. The late stage of OCL is extremely similar to OC of mechanical separation method. And it can be used in any experiments.
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Objective Get a primary culture method of osteoblast which is simple to operate and has many pure cells. Method Get osteoblast with improved I collagenase, and test the form of osteoblast, the alkaline phosphatase dyeing and formation of mineralization node. Result The improved rats primary culture method of osteoblast can get most cells in normal shape, alkaline phosphatase secretion and mineralization. Conclusion The improved rats primary culture method of osteoblast is convenient to operate, and can get most cells.
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ObjectiveTo sum up the experience on diagnosis and treatment for patients of hyperthyroidism complicated by thyroid cancer. MethodsBetween 1994 and 2000, 300 hyperthyroidism patients were admitted, among them 12 suffered concomittent thyroid carcinoma and received surgical therapy and pathologic examination. ResultsIn this series thyroid carcinoma occurred in 4%(12/300) in patients with hyperthyroidism, but correct preoperative diagnosis was obtained in only one (3%) of the 300 cases. Bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy was initially performed in all 12 cases with 7 cases undergoing additionally ipsilateral total thyroidectomy when a cancer was identified. Two cases underwent functional cervical clearance of lymph nodes. Postoperative follow-up of 9 mos to 6 years found no recurrence. ConclusionIn patients of hyperthyroidism a thyroid cancer may develop on the background of immunodeficiency and endocrine dysfunction. In patients with hyperthyroidism, a thyroid nodule found perioperatively must be biopsied for frozen section to guide the surgical modality.